New food label will show "Added Sugar" separetely.
Showing posts with label Obesity. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Obesity. Show all posts
Saturday, May 28, 2016
Tuesday, November 6, 2012
Obesity: Role of Government & Policy
Circulation 2012;126:2345
Obesity : Role of Policy and Government in the Obesity Epidemic
Nicole L. Novak, MSc; Kelly D. Brownell, PhD
From the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Department of Psychology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Correspondence to Nicole L. Novak, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, 309 Edwards St, New Haven, CT 06511. E-mail nicole.l.novak@gmail.com.
In 2001, the Surgeon General's “Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity”1 identified obesity as a key public health priority for the United States. Obesity rates were higher than ever, with 61% of adults nationwide overweight or obese. In the intervening years, several administrations have declared a commitment to deal with the problem, and the food industry has issued numerous pledges for change, yet the prevalence of overweight and obesity has risen further, to 68%.2 Children have been particularly affected; >19% of school-aged children were obese in 2007 to 2008 compared with just 6% in the late 1970s.3 Disease rates join high healthcare costs, so everyone is affected personally, economically, or both.4,5
A wide range of government policies and programs have been implemented, including the development of national clinical guidelines, nutrition labeling on packaged foods, education and social marketing efforts, and more recently, calorie labeling on restaurant menus and federal efforts to increase access and financing for fresh fruits and vegetables. However, most of these efforts focus on clinical and educational factors or on community interventions and, until recently, have rarely addressed environmental drivers of obesity. There is growing theoretical and scientific support for policies that intervene on environmental determinants of overeating. The implementation of some policies is facing resistance from the food and beverage industries.
Obesity : Role of Policy and Government in the Obesity Epidemic
Nicole L. Novak, MSc; Kelly D. Brownell, PhD
From the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Department of Psychology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
(Click on image to enlarge)
Correspondence to Nicole L. Novak, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, 309 Edwards St, New Haven, CT 06511. E-mail nicole.l.novak@gmail.com.
In 2001, the Surgeon General's “Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity”1 identified obesity as a key public health priority for the United States. Obesity rates were higher than ever, with 61% of adults nationwide overweight or obese. In the intervening years, several administrations have declared a commitment to deal with the problem, and the food industry has issued numerous pledges for change, yet the prevalence of overweight and obesity has risen further, to 68%.2 Children have been particularly affected; >19% of school-aged children were obese in 2007 to 2008 compared with just 6% in the late 1970s.3 Disease rates join high healthcare costs, so everyone is affected personally, economically, or both.4,5
A wide range of government policies and programs have been implemented, including the development of national clinical guidelines, nutrition labeling on packaged foods, education and social marketing efforts, and more recently, calorie labeling on restaurant menus and federal efforts to increase access and financing for fresh fruits and vegetables. However, most of these efforts focus on clinical and educational factors or on community interventions and, until recently, have rarely addressed environmental drivers of obesity. There is growing theoretical and scientific support for policies that intervene on environmental determinants of overeating. The implementation of some policies is facing resistance from the food and beverage industries.
Monday, April 25, 2011
Wrist Circumference in Obese Children
Circulation. 2011;123:1757-1762
Wrist Circumference Is a Clinical Marker of Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents
Marco Capizzi, MD et al. Italy.
Background— Excess fat is one of the main determinants of insulin resistance, representing the metabolic basis for developing future cardiovascular disease. The aim of the current study was to find an easy-to-detect clinical marker of insulin resistance which can be used to identify young subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Methods and Results— Four-hundred and seventy-seven overweight/obese children and adolescents (mean age 10.31±2.80 years) were consecutively enrolled. Standard deviation score body mass index, fasting biochemical parameters, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were evaluated. Statistical differences were investigated using multiple linear regression analysis. Manual measure of wrist circumference was evaluated in all children and adolescents. Fifty-one subjects, randomly selected, underwent nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist to evaluate transversal wrist area at the Lister tubercle level. A statistically significant association was found between manual measure of wrist circumference and insulin levels or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β=0.34 and 0.35, respectively; P<10–5 for both comparisons). These associations were more significant than those between SD score body mass index and insulin levels or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β=0.12 and 0.10, respectively; P0.02 for both comparisons). Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging acquisition clarified that the association between wrist circumference and insulin levels or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance reflected the association with bone tissue-related areas (P0.01 for both) but not with the adipose tissue ones (P>0.05), explaining 20% and 17% of the variances of the 2 parameters.
Conclusions— Our findings suggest a close relationship among wrist circumference, its bone component, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children and adolescents, opening new perspectives in the prediction of cardiovascular disease.
Wrist Circumference Is a Clinical Marker of Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents
Marco Capizzi, MD et al. Italy.
Background— Excess fat is one of the main determinants of insulin resistance, representing the metabolic basis for developing future cardiovascular disease. The aim of the current study was to find an easy-to-detect clinical marker of insulin resistance which can be used to identify young subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Methods and Results— Four-hundred and seventy-seven overweight/obese children and adolescents (mean age 10.31±2.80 years) were consecutively enrolled. Standard deviation score body mass index, fasting biochemical parameters, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were evaluated. Statistical differences were investigated using multiple linear regression analysis. Manual measure of wrist circumference was evaluated in all children and adolescents. Fifty-one subjects, randomly selected, underwent nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist to evaluate transversal wrist area at the Lister tubercle level. A statistically significant association was found between manual measure of wrist circumference and insulin levels or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β=0.34 and 0.35, respectively; P<10–5 for both comparisons). These associations were more significant than those between SD score body mass index and insulin levels or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β=0.12 and 0.10, respectively; P0.02 for both comparisons). Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging acquisition clarified that the association between wrist circumference and insulin levels or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance reflected the association with bone tissue-related areas (P0.01 for both) but not with the adipose tissue ones (P>0.05), explaining 20% and 17% of the variances of the 2 parameters.
Conclusions— Our findings suggest a close relationship among wrist circumference, its bone component, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children and adolescents, opening new perspectives in the prediction of cardiovascular disease.
Friday, March 4, 2011
Body Adiposity Index
Obesity (2011) doi:10.1038/oby.2011.38
A Better Index of Body Adiposity
Richard N. Bergman et al.
Correspondence: Richard N. Bergman (rbergman@usc.edu)
Received 8 September 2010; Accepted 27 January 2011; Published online 3 March 2011.
Excerpts in Heartwire
Abstract
Obesity is a growing problem in the United States and throughout the world. It is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. The BMI has been used to assess body fat for almost 200 years. BMI is known to be of limited accuracy, and is different for males and females with similar %body adiposity. Here, we define an alternative parameter, the body adiposity index (BAI = ((hip circumference)/((height)1.5)–18)). The BAI can be used to reflect %body fat for adult men and women of differing ethnicities without numerical correction. We used a population study, the “BetaGene” study, to develop the new index of body adiposity. %Body fat, as measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), was used as a “gold standard” for validation. Hip circumference (R = 0.602) and height (R = −0.524) are strongly correlated with %body fat and therefore chosen as principal anthropometric measures on which we base BAI. The BAI measure was validated in the “Triglyceride and Cardiovascular Risk in African-Americans (TARA)” study of African Americans. Correlation between DXA-derived %adiposity and the BAI was R = 0.85 for TARA with a concordance of C_b = 0.95. BAI can be measured without weighing, which may render it useful in settings where measuring accurate body weight is problematic. In summary, we have defined a new parameter, the BAI, which can be calculated from hip circumference and height only. It can be used in the clinical setting even in remote locations with very limited access to reliable scales. The BAI estimates %adiposity directly.
A Better Index of Body Adiposity
Richard N. Bergman et al.
Correspondence: Richard N. Bergman (rbergman@usc.edu)
Received 8 September 2010; Accepted 27 January 2011; Published online 3 March 2011.
Excerpts in Heartwire
Abstract
Obesity is a growing problem in the United States and throughout the world. It is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. The BMI has been used to assess body fat for almost 200 years. BMI is known to be of limited accuracy, and is different for males and females with similar %body adiposity. Here, we define an alternative parameter, the body adiposity index (BAI = ((hip circumference)/((height)1.5)–18)). The BAI can be used to reflect %body fat for adult men and women of differing ethnicities without numerical correction. We used a population study, the “BetaGene” study, to develop the new index of body adiposity. %Body fat, as measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), was used as a “gold standard” for validation. Hip circumference (R = 0.602) and height (R = −0.524) are strongly correlated with %body fat and therefore chosen as principal anthropometric measures on which we base BAI. The BAI measure was validated in the “Triglyceride and Cardiovascular Risk in African-Americans (TARA)” study of African Americans. Correlation between DXA-derived %adiposity and the BAI was R = 0.85 for TARA with a concordance of C_b = 0.95. BAI can be measured without weighing, which may render it useful in settings where measuring accurate body weight is problematic. In summary, we have defined a new parameter, the BAI, which can be calculated from hip circumference and height only. It can be used in the clinical setting even in remote locations with very limited access to reliable scales. The BAI estimates %adiposity directly.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)